{"id":3014,"date":"2015-01-09T22:34:28","date_gmt":"2015-01-09T22:34:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/live-infoblox-blog.pantheonsite.io\/?p=3014"},"modified":"2020-05-06T10:30:15","modified_gmt":"2020-05-06T17:30:15","slug":"do-you-really-need-a-subnet-calculator-for-ipv6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infoblox.com\/blog\/ipv6-coe\/do-you-really-need-a-subnet-calculator-for-ipv6\/","title":{"rendered":"Do You Really Need a Subnet Calculator for IPv6?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>You may be familiar with the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boiling_frog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">anecdote about a frog<\/a>\u00a0placed in warm water that is brought up to a boiling temperature so slowly he does not perceive that he is being cooked.\u00a0 However, if the frog was put directly into boiling water he would immediately notice and jump out of the pot.\u00a0 Similarly, many of us have not noticed the gradual increasing complexity in IPv4 subnetting.\u00a0 IPv4 addresses have become increasingly scarce, resulting in\u00a0<a href=\"\/ipv6-coe\/the-fragmented-internet\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">increased address fragmentation<\/a>\u00a0and increased use of Network Address Translation (NAT).\u00a0 This change has occurred over decades so we barely even noticed.\u00a0 Similar to the frog\u2019s situation, if we were to look at the current IP addressing difficulties with a fresh perspective, we would be shocked with how complex subnetting has become.<\/p>\n<p>Today, IPv4 networks have become \u201csliced and diced\u201d to the point where we end up with brain-damaging prefix lengths like \/28 and \/29.\u00a0 For example, if we need to figure out what the first and last addressable IPv4 addresses are for a \/29 with the IPv4 address 10.56.93.203 it can take us a minute.\u00a0 The host range is 10.56.93.201 through 10.56.93.206, the subnet ID is 10.56.93.200, and the broadcast address is 10.56.93.207.\u00a0 Figuring that out in our heads may not be something that we can do accurately.\u00a0 Thankfully, we can rely on subnet calculators or\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.infoblox.com\/resources\/video\/infoblox-ipam?utm_source=blox-community&amp;utm_campaign=community-q2&amp;utm_medium=blox-community\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">IP Address Management<\/a>\u00a0(IPAM) tools to help us do this quickly and with precision.<\/p>\n<p>When it comes to IPv6, people can sometimes be intimidated by the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IPv6#Larger_address_space\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">size of the IPv6 addresses<\/a>.\u00a0 Others may be concerned about having to work with\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hexadecimal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">hexadecimal<\/a>\u00a0numbers.\u00a0 Even those experienced with IPv6 addressing occasionally fall back into \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.networkworld.com\/article\/2237171\/cisco-subnet\/cisco-subnet-10-in-ipv6-does-not-equal-10-in-ipv4.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">decimal thinking<\/a>.\u201d\u00a0 Some may feel that the complexity of dealing with IPv4 subnetting is more well-known than having to delve into learning the new style of IPv6 addressing.\u00a0 Our familiarity with IPv4 leads us toward the tried-and-true IPv4 techniques for handling addresses.\u00a0 Many may feel comfortable with using Microsoft Excel spreadsheets to keep track of addresses, but have to admit that they are not scalable or the best interface for the task.\u00a0 Spreadsheets are not the right answer for maintaining the up-to-32 hex digits separated into eight sections delimited with colons that IPv6 addressing requires.<\/p>\n<p>In many ways, IPv6 prefixes are easier to work with than IPv4 subnets.\u00a0 With IPv6, there are only a few standard prefix lengths that an organization will use. With the vast amount of IPv6 address space, there is \u201croom to breathe.\u201d\u00a0 There is no need to try to assign the smallest necessary address block to a network based on the number of hosts on that network.\u00a0 IPv6 addresses can be laid out in such a way to ease management and operations rather than, in the case of IPv4, trying to conserve the scare addressing resource.<\/p>\n<p>The IPv6 Address Architecture has been set since 2006 (<a href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc4291\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">RFC 4291<\/a>).\u00a0 The common IPv6 addressing convention is to use a \/48 as the recommended prefix length for a \u201csite\u201d (<a href=\"http:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc6177\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">RFC 6177<\/a>), but an ISP might elect to assign a \/56, a \/60, or a \/64 of\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Provider-aggregatable_address_space\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">provider-assigned<\/a>\u00a0(PA) IPv6 addresses to a customer.\u00a0 It is recommended that the prefix length always be evenly divisible by four bits and thus fall on the nibble (hex-digit) boundary.\u00a0 When it comes to an access network, a \/64 is the predominant prefix length used for all types of links (broadcast, point-to-point, multipoint, tunnel, whatever) (<a href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc5375\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">RFC 5375<\/a>).\u00a0 It is possible to use a \/128 if you need a host route for Route Health Injection (RHI), anycast, loopback prefix, etc.\u00a0 One might occasionally want to use a \/127 prefix (<a href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc6164\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">RFC 6164<\/a>) for a point-to-point link that only needs two IPv6 addresses.\u00a0 The old\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc3627\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">RFC 3627<\/a>\u00a0said that using a \/127 was harmful (now moved to historic status with\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc6547\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">RFC 6547<\/a>), but then\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc6164\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">RFC 6164<\/a>\u00a0described why this may be necessary to avoid the \u201cping-pong\u201d issue and\/or constrain the neighbor cache table size.<\/p>\n<p>These few standard IPv6 prefix lengths should be used most frequently and network engineers should avoid using odd prefix lengths at all costs.\u00a0 Organizations should not be using a \/96 prefix or anything like a \/112 (although this was discussed at\u00a0<a class=\" bf_ungated_init\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nanog.org\/meetings\/nanog48\/presentations\/Tuesday\/Loch_LinkNumb_N48.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">NANOG48<\/a>).\u00a0 Your organization should also not use a \/126 prefix for any point-to-point links.\u00a0 That is just trying to apply legacy \u201cIPv4 thinking\u201d to IPv6 and should be avoided at all costs.\u00a0 No organizations should be using IPv6 prefix lengths that do not fall on a nibble boundary such as a \/57 or \/99.\u00a0 Such prefix lengths are highly non-standard and cause too much complexity without any real benefit.<\/p>\n<p>One may consider using a\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.networkworld.com\/article\/2227805\/cisco-subnet\/cisco-subnet-ipv6-subnet-calculators.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">subnet calculator<\/a>\u00a0for IPv6 addressing.\u00a0 There are several IPv6 subnet calculators accessible via the Internet.\u00a0 Some use a web interface, some are a downloadable executable, and others are conveniently offered as\u00a0<a href=\"\/ipv6-coe\/mobile-apps-for-troubleshooting-ipv6\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">apps for mobile devices<\/a>.\u00a0 However, with IPv6 you do not necessarily need to use them because the prefix lengths are pretty standard.\u00a0 A \/64 prefix length is going to be the dominant size used for all network types.\u00a0 There is no need to perform any more granular \u201csubnetting\u201d of IPv6 \/64 networks.\u00a0 IPv6 networks do not use a subnet number or a broadcast address.\u00a0 Therefore the concept of a subnet calculator is not as applicable to IPv6.<\/p>\n<p>Instead, organizations need a utility for laying out their IPv6 addressing plan rather than using a subnet calculator for segmenting network addresses.\u00a0 There is also a distinction between an IPv6 address planning tool (used for determining your address plan) and an IPv6 address management tool (used for actual deployment of IPv6).\u00a0 You can use an IPv6 IPAM tool when it comes to planning your organization\u2019s addressing hierarchy for sites, laying out your prefixes, but you do not need an IPv6 subnet calculator.\u00a0 A solid IPAM system could actually be more immediately useful helping us keep track of all our tiny IPv4 subnets.<\/p>\n<p>One issue is that there hasn\u2019t been a single resource for IPv6 addressing knowledge.\u00a0 There are articles found on the Internet\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.networkworld.com\/article\/2228365\/cisco-subnet\/ipv6-address-design.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">here<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a class=\" bf_ungated_init\" href=\"http:\/\/www.v6.dren.net\/AddressingPlans.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">there<\/a>\u00a0but not knowing where to find information on IPv6 addressing has made it difficult for organizations to determine the best practices for their IPv6 deployment.\u00a0 IT engineers tend to lack experience\u00a0<a class=\" bf_ungated_init\" href=\"https:\/\/www.infoblox.com\/sites\/infobloxcom\/files\/resources\/infoblox-note-ipv6-addressing-plan_0.pdf?utm_source=blox-community&amp;utm_campaign=community-q2&amp;utm_medium=blox-community\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">creating IPv6 addressing plans<\/a>\u00a0so they are unsure of the best way to lay out the IPv6 prefixes.\u00a0 For most organizations, it has been so long since they originally created their IPv4 addressing plan, that they are unsure of how to approach a greenfield IPv6 addressing exercise.\u00a0 The Infoblox\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/community.infoblox.com\/taxonomy\/term\/281\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">IPv6 Center of Excellence<\/a>\u00a0(COE) has written many articles on the subject of IPv6 addressing.\u00a0 There is also great book on \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/shop.oreilly.com\/product\/0636920033622.do\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">IPv6 Address Planning<\/a>\u201d by Tom Coffeen that you will want to explore.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>You may be familiar with the\u00a0anecdote about a frog\u00a0placed in warm water that is brought up to a boiling temperature so slowly he does not perceive that he is being cooked.\u00a0 However, if the frog was put directly into boiling water he would immediately notice and jump out of the pot.\u00a0 Similarly, many of us [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":321,"featured_media":2788,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[16,15],"class_list":{"0":"post-3014","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-ipv6-coe","8":"tag-infoblox","9":"tag-security","10":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Better Together \u2013 What Do Peanut Butter and Jelly, Hollywood, and DNS Technology Have In 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It\u2019s a combination of two things that work so well together that you would never imagine them in their own individual context.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.infoblox.com\/blog\/ipv6-coe\/do-you-really-need-a-subnet-calculator-for-ipv6\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Do You Really Need a Subnet Calculator for IPv6?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Every industry has its perfect couples. 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